Typically mid-market organisations that have outgrown their current security approach but are not yet at the scale where a full-time CISO makes commercial sense. The common trigger is one of three things: a board that has started asking questions about cyber risk, a significant customer or regulator applying pressure, or a cloud migration or acquisition that has brought security to the surface.
Larger organisations with an established CISO also engage for specific situations: additional capacity during a major programme, independent challenge of the internal security position, specialist input on a topic outside the existing team's experience, or interim senior cover when the CISO role is between incumbents.
Industry matters less than maturity and intent. I work across sectors including professional services, technology, manufacturing and financial services.